1. International Military & Aerospace Standards

　　1.1 U.S. Military Standards (MIL-STD)

　　MIL-STD-461 (Electromagnetic Interference/Compatibility)

　　Mandates EMC testing for airborne/spaceborne components, with critical sections for RF devices:

　　Conducted Emissions: CE106 (10 kHz–40 GHz) verifies antenna port emissions .

　　Radiated Emissions: RE103 (10 kHz–40 GHz) checks spurious/harmonic radiation from transmitters .

　　Susceptibility: CS103 (15 kHz–10 GHz) and CS104 (30 Hz–20 GHz) assess immunity to unwanted signals at antenna ports .

　　MIL-STD-883 (Microelectronic Device Testing)

　　Used for up-screening commercial RF components to space grade, including temperature cycling (-55°C to +125°C) and radiation hardness tests .

　　1.2 RTCA DO-160 (Avionics Environmental Testing)

　　Current version DO-160G (2010); DO-160H is planned for March 2026 .

　　Key Tests for RF Devices:

　　EMC: Section 21 (150 kHz–6 GHz) covers conducted/radiated emissions; Section 22 evaluates RF susceptibility .

　　Environmental: Temperature cycling (-55°C to +85°C) and vibration (10–2000 Hz, 10 Grms) .

　　1.3 European Space Agency (ESA) Standards

　　ESCC 3202/022

　　Specifies space-grade S-band isolator requirements (2.0–2.7 GHz), including:

　　Environmental: -40°C to +125°C storage, 50 Grms vibration .

　　Power Handling: 100W forward/reverse power, 400V multipaction level .

　　ECSS (European Cooperation for Space Standardization)

　　Aligns with IEC 60068 for environmental stress tests (temperature, humidity, shock) .

　　2. Domestic Chinese Standards

　　2.1 National Military Standards (GJB)

　　GJB 1065B-2021 (General Specification for RF Isolators/Circulators)

　　Updated in 2021 to 强化 aerospace adaptability:

　　Electrical Performance: Isolation ≥20 dB, insertion loss ≤0.5 dB, VSWR ≤1.25:1 .

　　Environmental: Temperature cycling (-55°C to +125°C), salt spray (96 hours), and power aging (1000 hours at rated power) .

　　2.2 2025 New National Standards

　　T/ZASDI 0002-2025

　　Covers electromagnetic environment adaptability for radar/communication systems, including RF component susceptibility tests (10 kHz–6 GHz) .

　　Space Environment Standards

　　The 2025 national standard for aerospace components mandates radiation (total ionizing dose ≥50 krad) and vacuum (1×10⁻⁵ Pa) tests .

　　3. Cross-Cutting Test Requirements

　　In terms of Thermal Stability, the storage temperature range for RF circulators and isolators is typically -40°C to +125°C, and the operating temperature range is -30°C to +90°C, which is specified in standards such as GJB 1065B and ESCC 3202/022. For Vibration/Shock tests, the requirements include 50 Grms random vibration and 1000G mechanical shock, with applicable standards like DO-160G and MIL-STD-810. Regarding EMC, conducted emission and susceptibility tests cover the frequency range of 10 kHz–40 GHz, while radiated emission and susceptibility tests span 10 kHz–18 GHz, following standards such as MIL-STD-461 and DO-160G. For Power Reliability, the components need to support 100W continuous operation without arcing, as required by GJB 1065B and ESCC 3202/022. In terms of Radiation Hardness, the total ionizing dose (TID) requirement is ≥30 krad, in line with MIL-STD-883 and NASA NEPP standards.

　　4. NASA & Space-Grade Specifics

　　Screening Levels: NASA classifies RF components by mission criticality:

　　High-risk missions (≥5 years): Wafer-level testing + 100% lot screening .

　　Low-risk missions: Commercial-grade up-screening (temperature cycling, hermeticity) .

　　Power Handling: Isolators for superconducting cavities must withstand 40 kW pulsed/CW power .

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