Narda directional couplers are high-performance RF (radio frequency) components designed to sample a portion of microwave or radio frequency energy traveling through a transmission line, allowing for power monitoring, signal measurement, or signal distribution in telecommunications, radar, and aerospace systems. Manufactured by Narda, a leading provider of RF/microwave solutions, these couplers are renowned for their precision, wide frequency range, and reliability in demanding applications.

The core principle of a directional coupler involves four ports: the input (where the main signal enters), the output (where most of the signal exits), the coupled port (which samples a small percentage of the signal traveling from input to output), and the isolated port (which is terminated and receives minimal signal, ideally none). Narda directional couplers achieve high directivity (typically 20 to 40 dB), meaning they distinguish between forward and reverse signal directions, ensuring accurate sampling of the desired signal while rejecting unwanted reflections. This is critical for applications like power monitoring in radar systems, where measuring forward and reflected power helps prevent amplifier damage.

Narda offers directional couplers across a broad frequency spectrum, from 10 MHz to 110 GHz, with coupling values ranging from 6 dB to 60 dB—lower coupling values (6-20 dB) sample more power for measurement, while higher values (30-60 dB) are used for signal monitoring. They are constructed using high-quality materials such as copper, brass, and PTFE (Teflon) for low loss and stable performance, with rugged enclosures (often aluminum or stainless steel) to withstand harsh environments, including temperature extremes (-55°C to 85°C) and vibration.

Applications include RF test benches, where they enable signal analysis without interrupting the main transmission; cellular base stations, for monitoring output power; and military radar systems, for tracking signal integrity. Narda directional couplers also feature low VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio, typically <1.2:1), ensuring minimal signal reflection and efficient power transfer. Calibration certificates traceable to international standards (e.g., NIST) are often provided, guaranteeing accuracy for critical measurements. Whether in research laboratories or field-deployed systems, Narda directional couplers are trusted for their precision and durability in RF power management.

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