I. Core Technical Parameters for Satellite Communication Compatibility

　　L-Band Frequency Range Definition

　　Satellite communication-specific L-band typically covers 1.0-2.0GHz, with key sub-bands aligned to satellite standards: 1.0-1.4GHz (for VSAT uplink/downlink), 1.5-1.7GHz (compatible with DVB-S2 satellite TV reception), and 1.7-2.0GHz (used in maritime/aviation satellite communication). High-performance models support full-band coverage (1.0-2.0GHz) to avoid signal loss at band edges, critical for multi-satellite access scenarios.

　　Key Performance Indicators for Signal Fidelity

　　VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio): ≤1.1:1 across the entire L-band (stricter than 5G / 广电 standards) to minimize signal reflection—satellite signals have low received power (often -100dBm to -80dBm), and even small reflections can degrade signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).

　　Insertion Loss: ≤14dB (including 12dB theoretical 16-way distribution loss) to reduce signal attenuation; loss variation across the band must be ≤±0.5dB to ensure consistent performance for phase-sensitive satellite modulation (e.g., QPSK, 8PSK).

　　Isolation: ≥25dB between adjacent ports to prevent cross-talk—critical for multi-satellite beam reception, where interference between different satellite signals can cause data packet loss.

　　Phase Consistency: Phase deviation ≤3° across all 16 ports (1.0-2.0GHz) to maintain signal synchronization, essential for satellite array antenna systems and beamforming in ground stations.

　　Power Capacity: 5-20W continuous power (lower than 5G macro base stations) to match satellite terminal/RFU (Radio Frequency Unit) output—satellite communication prioritizes low-power, high-sensitivity design over high-power handling.

　　Environmental Adaptation Specifications

　　Operating Temperature: -50℃~+70℃ (wider than 5G outdoor models) to withstand extreme climates (e.g., desert ground stations, high-altitude terminals).

　　Protection Rating: IP66 for outdoor ground stations (dust-tight, waterproof against heavy rain) and IP54 for indoor rack-mounted units (VSAT hubs).

　　EMI/RFI Immunity: Complies with EN 55032 Class A and MIL-STD-461G to resist electromagnetic interference from satellite ground station equipment (e.g., high-power transmitters) and cosmic radiation-induced noise.

　　Interface Type: N-type female connectors (preferred for outdoor use, with better sealing and impedance stability) or SMA-J connectors (for compact indoor terminals); all interfaces require 50Ω characteristic impedance (standard for satellite RF links).

　　II. Core Technologies for L-Band Satellite Signal Preservation

　　Low-Loss Transmission Structure Design

　　Adopts PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) dielectric substrate for microstrip lines—PTFE has low dielectric loss (tanδ ≤0.001 at 2GHz) and stable performance across temperature variations, reducing signal attenuation in L-band.

　　Integrates a Wilkinson power divider topology optimized for L-band: adds compensation inductors at port junctions to flatten insertion loss across 1.0-2.0GHz, avoiding loss spikes at critical sub-bands (e.g., 1.5GHz DVB-S2 band).

　　Phase Consistency Optimization

　　Uses laser-trimmed resistors and capacitors in the divider network to calibrate phase differences between ports—each port’s transmission line length is precision-machined (tolerance ±0.1mm) to ensure uniform signal delay.

　　Employs a symmetric cavity structure (aluminum alloy die-cast) to minimize thermal-induced phase drift: cavity temperature coefficient ≤5ppm/℃, ensuring phase stability even in -50℃~+70℃ environments.

　　Anti-Interference and Noise Reduction

　　Inner cavity plating with 5μm thick silver (conductivity ≥98% IACS) to reduce conductor loss and suppress parasitic signals—silver plating also enhances corrosion resistance for maritime/coastal ground stations.

　　Adds a ferrite bead filter at input ports to attenuate high-frequency noise (2.0-3.0GHz) from adjacent RF equipment, preventing interference with L-band satellite signals.

　　III. Selection Key Points for Satellite Scenarios

　　Scenario-Specific Adaptation

　　Outdoor Ground Stations: Prioritize IP66 protection, -50℃~+70℃ temperature range, and N-type interfaces; select models with integrated lightning protection (6kV surge protection) to withstand atmospheric electrical activity.

　　VSAT Hubs (Indoor Rack-Mounted): Focus on phase consistency (≤3°), low insertion loss variation (≤±0.5dB), and compatibility with DVB-S2/S2X standards; choose 1U rack-mounted designs for space efficiency.

　　Maritime/Aviation Terminals: Require anti-vibration (MIL-STD-883H Method 2007) and anti-salt spray (500-hour salt spray test) capabilities; opt for compact, lightweight designs (weight ≤500g) to fit limited terminal space.

　　Signal Compensation Synergy

　　L-band satellite signals are prone to attenuation, so splitters must be paired with appropriate front-end equipment:

　　For weak downlink signals (e.g., remote ground stations), use splitters integrated with low-noise amplifiers (LNA) with noise figure ≤0.3dB (to avoid SNR degradation).

　　For uplink scenarios, pair with linear power amplifiers (LPA) to compensate for split loss—ensure the splitter’s power capacity matches LPA output (typically 10-15W for VSAT uplinks).

　　Compliance with Satellite Standards

　　Must meet international satellite communication norms:

　　ETSI EN 302 307 (for DVB-S2 satellite digital television).

　　ITU-R S.1001 (electromagnetic compatibility for satellite earth stations).

　　MIL-STD-188-164 (for military satellite communication terminals, if applicable).

　　IV. Typical Satellite Communication Applications

　　VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal) Networks

　　Used in enterprise/remote area VSAT hubs to distribute L-band signals from a single satellite dish to 16 user terminals (e.g., rural internet, oilfield communication). The low VSWR (≤1.1:1) and phase consistency (≤3°) ensure stable data transmission (up to 150Mbps for DVB-S2X).

　　Satellite Television (DVB-S2) Distribution

　　Deployed in cable headends or hotel/multi-dwelling unit (MDU) satellite TV systems: splits L-band (1.5-1.7GHz) downlink signals from a satellite receiver to 16 decoder boxes, maintaining signal integrity for 4K ultra-high-definition (UHD) content.

　　Maritime/Aviation Satellite Terminals

　　Integrated into ship-borne or aircraft satellite communication systems: with anti-vibration and salt spray resistance, it distributes L-band signals to multiple on-board devices (e.g., navigation, passenger Wi-Fi), ensuring connectivity in high-sea or high-altitude environments.

　　Satellite Ground Station Array Antennas

　　Supports 16-element antenna arrays in ground stations: the phase-consistent design ensures all antenna elements receive synchronized L-band signals, enabling precise beam tracking of low-earth orbit (LEO) satellites (e.g., Starlink, OneWeb).

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