High-Frequency RF Circulator/Isolator: Core Component for Unlocking High-Frequency Communication and Testing Scenarios

　　1. Product Positioning: "Signal Transmission Cornerstone" of High-Frequency RF Systems

　　High-Frequency RF circulators and isolators are specialized passive components operating at frequencies ≥18GHz (covering millimeter-wave and terahertz bands). Their core value lies in solving the pain points of "easy signal attenuation and difficult interference shielding" in high-frequency scenarios: Circulators enable unidirectional cyclic transmission of high-frequency signals (e.g., 28GHz, 60GHz) to avoid signal crosstalk between multiple ports; Isolators absorb reverse high-frequency interference signals to ensure "low-loss and low-distortion transmission" of forward useful signals. Together, they provide "wide frequency coverage + high anti-interference" transmission guarantees for scenarios requiring strict frequency and signal quality, such as 5G millimeter-wave communication, satellite Ka/Ku band transmission, terahertz imaging, and high-frequency test instruments.

　　Compared with conventional RF circulators/isolators (mostly suitable for medium-low frequency bands ≤18GHz, with sharp increases in insertion loss and decreased isolation at high frequencies), high-frequency models maintain stable performance in the 28GHz-67GHz band through innovative electromagnetic structures (e.g., high-permittivity microwave ceramics, gold-plated microstrip lines) and precision packaging processes. They fill the technical gap of "efficient signal guidance and interference isolation" in high-frequency RF links, serving as a key supporting component for high-frequency electronic devices to move from laboratories to industrialization.

　　2. Core Features: Performance Breakthroughs Centered on High-Frequency Adaptation

　　1. Ultra-Wide High-Frequency Coverage, Adapting to Multi-Scenario High-Frequency Needs

　　Frequency range breakthrough: Supports mainstream high-frequency bands from DC to 40GHz, with high-end models covering up to 67GHz (entry-level terahertz band), perfectly matching scenarios such as 5G millimeter-wave (28GHz/39GHz/60GHz), satellite communication Ka band (20-30GHz), Ku band (12-18GHz), and terahertz testing (0.3-1THz). It can be compatible with multiple high-frequency protocols without component replacement;

　　Flexible frequency switching: Adopts an adjustable resonant structure, and some models support dynamic switching within the 18GHz-40GHz band through external control modules (e.g., voltage adjustment), adapting to the "multi-band compatibility" needs of high-frequency systems (e.g., multi-mode millimeter-wave base stations).

　　2. Stable Performance at High Frequencies, Low Parameter Degradation Rate

　　Excellent key parameters: Outstanding performance in core high-frequency bands — insertion loss ≤0.8dB at 28GHz (conventional models have loss exceeding 1.5dB in the same band) and ≤1.2dB at 50GHz; isolation ≥22dB at 28GHz and ≥18dB at 50GHz; VSWR ≤1.3 across all high-frequency bands. This effectively reduces reflection loss of high-frequency signals and avoids system sensitivity degradation caused by parameter degradation;

　　Low phase noise: High-frequency signals are susceptible to phase fluctuations. By optimizing the electromagnetic coupling structure, phase noise is controlled at -120dBc/Hz@1kHz (28GHz band), ensuring signal phase stability in high-frequency communication and reducing transmission bit error rate (≤10⁻⁷).

　　3. High-Frequency Anti-Interference + Low-Loss Design, Adapting to Severe Transmission Environments

　　Anti-high-frequency radiation interference: The shell adopts a double-layer shielding structure (inner oxygen-free copper shielding layer + outer rust-proof aluminum alloy), with shielding effectiveness ≥80dB (30GHz band). It can block external high-frequency radiation (e.g., clutter from other RF modules) from interfering with internal signals, while preventing internal high-frequency signals from leaking;

　　Reducing high-frequency loss: Conductive paths use gold-plated layers (thickness ≥3μm) to reduce current loss caused by high-frequency skin effect; the core dielectric uses low-loss microwave ceramics (dielectric loss tangent tanδ ≤0.0005@28GHz) to reduce energy attenuation of high-frequency signals in the dielectric, ensuring that long-distance high-frequency transmission (e.g., uplink from satellite ground stations to satellites) still maintains signal strength.

　　4. High Reliability + Precision Packaging, Adapting to High-Frequency Device Integration

　　Harsh environment tolerance: Uses high-temperature-resistant materials (ceramic core temperature resistance ≥200℃, shell temperature resistance -55℃~125℃), humidity tolerance ≤95%RH (no condensation), and vibration resistance (10-2000Hz, 20g acceleration) and shock resistance (2000g, 0.3ms) compliant with MIL-STD-883H military standards. Suitable for harsh environments such as outdoor millimeter-wave base stations (high temperature, strong vibration) and aerospace high-frequency terminals (low pressure, wide temperature);

　　Miniaturized precision packaging: Offers SMD (1206/1812/2220 packages) and coaxial packages (SMA/2.92mm interfaces). The smallest SMD model can be as small as 2.0mm×1.2mm, adapting to the "miniaturization and high-density integration" needs of high-frequency devices (e.g., millimeter-wave chip modules, portable terahertz detectors); coaxial packages support blind-mate connections, reducing contact loss of high-frequency connectors (≤0.1dB/connector).

　　3. Typical Applications: Focusing on Core Needs of High-Frequency Scenarios

　　1. 5G Millimeter-Wave Base Stations and Terminals

　　In the "transmit-receive integrated link" of 28GHz/39GHz/60GHz 5G millimeter-wave base stations, high-frequency isolators can isolate high-power high-frequency signals from the transmitter and weak signals from the receiver, avoiding receiver sensitivity degradation caused by crosstalk; in millimeter-wave mobile phones, CPEs, and other terminals, SMD-packaged high-frequency circulators enable "single-antenna shared transmission and reception", reducing the number of terminal antennas and facilitating device miniaturization.

　　2. High-Frequency Links for Satellite Communication

　　In the uplink/downlink of satellite communication Ka band (20-30GHz) and Q band (30-50GHz), high-frequency circulators can guide multi-channel high-frequency signals (e.g., different user links of multi-beam satellites) while isolating clutter signals reflected by the atmosphere; in satellite ground stations, high-frequency isolators can protect high-sensitivity receiving modules from damage by high-power high-frequency signals from the transmitter.

　　3. Terahertz Imaging and Testing Equipment

　　In 0.3-1THz terahertz imaging equipment (e.g., security imaging, medical testing), high-frequency circulators can achieve "transmit-receive isolation" of terahertz signals, ensuring the clarity of imaging signals; in high-frequency test instruments (e.g., 40GHz vector network analyzers, terahertz signal generators), high-frequency isolators can avoid mutual interference between test signals and internal clutter of the instrument, controlling test accuracy error within ±0.1dB.

　　4. Aerospace High-Frequency RF Systems

　　In airborne millimeter-wave radars (e.g., fighter fire control radars, UAV obstacle avoidance radars), high-frequency circulators can isolate high-power high-frequency detection signals transmitted by the radar and echo signals received, improving the radar's target detection accuracy; in interstellar communication links of spacecraft (e.g., high-frequency data transmission links of deep-space probes), high-frequency isolators can withstand low-pressure and wide-temperature environments in space, ensuring stable transmission of high-frequency signals.

　　4. Selection Support: Precisely Matching High-Frequency Scenario Needs

　　5G millimeter-wave scenarios (28GHz/39GHz): Recommend the HF-28G series (SMD 1812 package), with insertion loss ≤0.8dB, isolation ≥22dB, supporting 5W average power, suitable for base station and terminal integration;

　　Satellite Ka/Q band scenarios (20-50GHz): Choose the HF-Ka series (coaxial SMA interface), with insertion loss ≤1.0dB (30GHz), isolation ≥20dB, shielding effectiveness ≥80dB, resistant to space environment interference;

　　Terahertz testing scenarios (0.3-1THz): Prioritize the HF-THz series (precision coaxial package), with insertion loss ≤1.5dB (0.5THz), phase noise ≤-115dBc/Hz, suitable for high-precision testing;

　　High-power high-frequency scenarios (e.g., radar transmission links): Recommend the HF-HP series, with average power tolerance ≥20W (28GHz), peak power ≥1000W (pulse wave), insertion loss ≤0.9dB, meeting high-power high-frequency transmission needs;

　　Customized development services are also provided: Products with special high-frequency bands (e.g., 67GHz/100GHz) and special packages (e.g., chip-level die packages) can be developed according to customer needs. Measured high-frequency parameter reports (including loss and isolation curves at 25℃/85℃/-55℃) are provided to help customers quickly complete high-frequency system integration and debugging.

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