Wearable devices—such as smartwatches, fitness trackers, and medical monitoring patches—demand coaxial terminals that reconcile two conflicting needs: ultra-miniaturization (to fit sleek, body-worn designs) and high performance (to support reliable wireless communication, sensor data transmission, and low power consumption). Unlike mobile terminals, wearables operate in dynamic, proximity-based environments: they are exposed to sweat, skin oils, and constant movement, requiring terminals that are not only small and lightweight but also chemically resistant and mechanically flexible. Coaxial terminals in wearables primarily connect antennas to RF modules, enabling Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), Wi-Fi, or cellular (e.g., LTE-M) communication, as well as linking sensors (e.g., heart rate monitors) to processing units for real-time data transfer.

The technical difficulty in wearable coaxial terminal design are significant. Miniaturization often leads to increased insertion loss and reduced shielding effectiveness, as smaller conductors and thinner dielectrics are more prone to signal leakage and EMI. To solve this, engineers are developing nano-scale coaxial terminals with inner conductors as thin as 50μm, using high-conductivity metals like gold or palladium to minimize losses. Flexible dielectric materials, such as silicone-based polymers or liquid crystal polymers (LCPs), allow terminals to bend with wearable substrates (e.g., flexible OLED displays) without compromising performance. Chemical resistance is achieved through protective coatings (e.g., Parylene) that repel sweat and oils, preventing corrosion of metal components. Another critical consideration is power efficiency: low-loss terminals reduce energy consumption, extending wearable battery life—a top priority for users. For medical wearables (e.g., continuous glucose monitors), terminals must also meet biocompatibility standards (e.g., ISO 10993) to avoid skin irritation. As wearables evolve to support more advanced features (e.g., non-invasive health monitoring, augmented reality), coaxial terminals will continue to undergo innovation, with a focus on even smaller form factors, enhanced durability, and seamless integration with flexible, body-conforming device architectures.

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